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The Knowledge Illusion: Why We Never Think Alone, by Steven Sloman, Philip Fernbach
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“The Knowledge Illusion is filled with insights on how we should deal with our individual ignorance and collective wisdom.” —Steven Pinker
We all think we know more than we actually do.
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Humans have built hugely complex societies and technologies, but most of us don’t even know how a pen or a toilet works. How have we achieved so much despite understanding so little? Cognitive scientists Steven Sloman and Philip Fernbach argue that we survive and thrive despite our mental shortcomings because we live in a rich community of knowledge. The key to our intelligence lies in the people and things around us. We’re constantly drawing on information and expertise stored outside our heads: in our bodies, our environment, our possessions, and the community with which we interact—and usually we don’t even realize we’re doing it.
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The human mind is both brilliant and pathetic. We have mastered fire, created democratic institutions, stood on the moon, and sequenced our genome. And yet each of us is error prone, sometimes irrational, and often ignorant. The fundamentally communal nature of intelligence and knowledge explains why we often assume we know more than we really do, why political opinions and false beliefs are so hard to change, and why individually oriented approaches to education and management frequently fail. But our collaborative minds also enable us to do amazing things. This book contends that true genius can be found in the ways we create intelligence using the world around us.
- Sales Rank: #473 in Books
- Brand: RIVERHEAD
- Published on: 2017-03-14
- Released on: 2017-03-14
- Original language: English
- Dimensions: 9.38" h x .98" w x 6.25" l, 1.25 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 304 pages
- RIVERHEAD
Review
“In The Knowledge Illusion, the cognitive scientists Steven Sloman and Philip Fernbach hammer another nail into the coffin of the rational individual... positing that not just rationality but the very idea of individual thinking is a myth.” —Yuval Harari, The New York Times Book Review
“Sloman and Fernbach offer clever demonstrations of how much we take for granted, and how little we actually understand... The book is stimulating, and any explanation of our current malaise that attributes it to cognitive failures—rather than putting it down to the moral wickedness of one group or another—is most welcome. Sloman and Fernbach are working to uproot a very important problem... [The Knowledge Illusion is] written with vigour and humanity.” —Financial Times
“The Knowledge Illusion is at once both obvious and profound: the limitations of the mind are no surprise, but the problem is that people so rarely think about them... In the context of partisan bubbles and fake news, the authors bring a necessary shot of humility: be sceptical of your own knowledge, and the wisdom of your crowd.” —The Economist
“A breezy guide to the mechanisms of human intelligence.” —Psychology Today
“In an increasingly polarized culture where certainty reigns supreme, a book advocating intellectual humility and recognition of the limits of understanding feels both revolutionary and necessary.�The fact that it’s a fun and engaging page-turner is a bonus benefit for the reader.” —Publishers Weekly
“An utterly fascinating and unsettling book,�The Knowledge Illusion�shows us how everything we know is bound together with knowledge of others. Sloman and Fernbach break down many of our assumptions about science, how we think and how we know anything at all about the world in which we live. Despite the wide-scale deconstruction, the authors are upbeat... Anyone engaged in the work of nurturing healthy and flourishing communities will ultimately have to wrestle with the questions posed in this book. Sloman and Fernbach help us to do so gracefully, acknowledging the truth of how little we know, and finding hope in this precarious situation.” —Relevant Magazine
“Between Sloman and Fernbach they have provided an insightful and thought-provoking read on how much the individual knows in relation to the community of knowledge.” —NPJ Journal
“We all know less than we think we do, including how much we know about how much we know. There’s no cure for this condition, but there is a treatment: this fascinating book. The Knowledge Illusion is filled with insights on how we should deal with our individual ignorance and collective wisdom.” —Steven Pinker, Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology, Harvard University, and author of�How the Mind Works�and�The Stuff of Thought
“I love this book. A brilliant, eye-opening treatment of how little each of us knows, and how much all of us know. It's magnificent, and it's also a lot of fun. Read it!” —Cass R. Sunstein, coauthor of Nudge and founder and director, Program on Behavioral Economics and Public Policy, Harvard Law School
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“Steven Sloman and Philip Fernbach are experts on ignorance. Their absorbing book reveals all the ways we delude ourselves into thinking we know more than we do.” —Jonah Berger, author of Contagious and Invisible Influence
“Cognitive science attempts to understand the workings of the individual mind.� In this brilliant book, Steven Sloman and Philip Fernbach show us that what cognitive science has learned is how much the individual mind depends on the minds of others. No matter how smart we are, as individuals we know (almost) nothing. Reading this book will inspire you to cultivate your own expertise, but even more, it will inspire you to seek out and appreciate the expertise of others. This book is a blueprint for an enlightened society.” —Barry Schwartz, author of The Paradox of Choice, Practical Wisdom, and Why We Work.
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“We radically overestimate how much we know. In this fascinating book,�Steven Sloman and Philip Fernbach examine the origin and consequences of this knowledge illusion, exploring both the extent of our ignorance and�the clever ways in which we overcome it. This is an exceptionally clear and well-reasoned book, and it has some important and radical things to say about everything from the allure of stories to how iPhones make us smarter to the pros and cons of democracy. This is psychology at its best.” —Paul Bloom,�Professor of Psychology at Yale�University, and author of�Against Empathy: The Case for Rational Compassion
About the Author
Steven Sloman�is a professor of cognitive, linguistic, and psychological sciences at Brown University. He is the editor in chief of the journal�Cognition. He lives with his wife in Providence, Rhode Island. His two children have flown the coop.
Philip Fernbach�is a cognitive scientist and professor of marketing at the University of Colorado’s Leeds School of Business. He lives in Boulder, Colorado, with his wife and two children.
Most helpful customer reviews
15 of 16 people found the following review helpful.
Great overview of ignorance and community knowledge, but not enough advice on how to deal with it
By Matt Kruse
This book is a fairly easy introduction to the topics of ignorance, the knowledge illusion, how we fool ourselves, and the value/necessity of storing knowledge in a group and how they came to be. The ideas are explained well with lots of examples. I wish everyone would read this book and really think about how much they don't know. The book directly addresses the current political climate, which makes it even more relevant.
The only thing that tempted me to give it 4 stars was what I thought was a lack of advice on how to deal with these problems. Many pages were spent explaining how human thinking is fragile and how this results in bad effects. But there was very little discussion about how to proceed with this understanding. What are some practical ways to improve the knowledge system so individual ignorance has less of an impact? How does this apply to bosses/managers? Community leaders? Parents? Social Media?
I would welcome a second book about that topic specifically - now that you know all the problems with how we think and where knowledge is actually stored, here are some practical strategies for making the most of it!
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Important and Unique
By WriterArtistDC
Among the many recent books on cognitive biases and their effects on social, political, and moral issues, this adds the important perspective of humans as social animals. The successes and failures to understand are not simply our own, but are also part of a community of thinkers.
23 of 24 people found the following review helpful.
What we think we know, but don't. And why it matters.
By Nicholas
I'm sure you've seen a lot of bicycles. Would you say you know how they work?
If you answered "yes" to the previous question, take a a second and try to draw a bicycle on a piece of paper. How do the wheels, seat, and handle bars connect to the frame? Where are the gears, chain, and pedals?
I've seen thousands of bicycles in my life, have been riding one for almost 30 years, and have even done simple repairs and maintenance. Yet I failed this seemingly easy task. (See p. 24 for some amusing attempts at drawing a bike.)
This book illuminates how gaps like this can exist, undetected, in our knowledge: We often treat information stored outside our heads as knowledge without even realizing that it doesn't exist in our heads. This book, through compelling anecdotes and clearly described research, explores some of the benefits and pitfalls of our communal system of knowledge.
The Knowledge Illusion is a book that's easy to read and full of great information. Professors Sloman and Fernbach are highly respected and careful researchers with a particular knack for communicating their research and the research of their colleagues. I've read a lot of popular psychology books over the years and can confidently say this is one of the very best. It's a joy to read cover-to-cover (unlike some pop-psych books that feel like an essay stretched to fill 200 pages). I cannot recommend this book more highly.
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